Critical appraisal and evaluation evidence Research Paper - 1

Critical appraisal and evaluation evidence - Research Paper Example Narrower arteries constrict the flow of blood thus causing higher pressure of the bold eventually bursting the blood vessels leading to internal bleedings. Hypertension is linked to shortened life expectancy and causes a number of other associated chronic conditions such as chronic kidney disease, heart failures and stroke among other opportunistic infections. Uncontrolled hypertension is a heightened level of the increased blood pressure that mainly occurs in adults. Being a lifestyle condition, hypertension requires strict lifestyle regimen to control and manage. With effective management, it is possible to contain the condition or even treat it completely. The poor management results from heckles lifestyle which includes excessive consumption of alcohol and unregulated diet. According to Hemmelgarn, McAllister FA &Myers (June 2005), hypertension contributes to more than a thousand deaths annually in the United States of America alone. These deaths do not arise directly from the actual hypertension but from other related chronic conditions such as kidney infections and heart failures. Controlling the condition therefore requires one to engage in activities that lower blood pressure. One such activity is meditation. According to Ostchega et al (2007), therapeutic mediation begins with effective understanding of oneself. This implies that one understands himself or herself and aware of the conditions he or she is suffering from. This prevents shocks and aftershocks that result from stress and related complications. During meditations, the body activities reduce to near minimal. At such times, the body requires little energy to maintain the basic life activities such as breathing. This makes the heart beat at the optimum rate supplying the right amount of energy capable of sustain the activities. People with hypertension do not require unnecessary agitations. When agitated, the body produces an increased amount of adrenalin, which

Evaluate the arguments for and against collective bargaining in the UK Essay

Evaluate the arguments for and against collective bargaining in the UK - Essay Example Informational differences provide an appealing explanation for bargaining inefficiencies. Even the development of noncooperative bargaining theory, which provided the tools and served for the collective bargaining, did not work out so well as it was expected. However a general aim of this theoretical development is followed i.e., to inform policy makers of the efficiency and equity effects associated with different labour laws and institutions that govern and shape the collective bargaining process1. While these laws and policies are still in developing phase, they can already offer many insights into the interplay between policy and the bargaining process. (Bargaining, 2005a) Collective bargaining is specifically an industrial relations mechanism or tool, which is applicable to the employment relationship in order to avoid unpredicted disputes. In collective bargaining the union always have a collective interest since the negotiations are for the benefit of several employees as well as for the organization. Where collective bargaining is not for one employer but for several, collective interests become a feature for both the parties to the bargaining process. In labor relations, negotiations involve the public interest such as where negotiations are on wages, which can impact on prices. This is implicitly recognized when a party or the parties seek the support of the public, especially where negotiations have failed and work disruptions follow. Governments intervene when necessary in collective bargaining because the negotiations are of interest to those beyond the parties themselves. In collective bargaining certain essential conditions need to be satisfied, such as the existence of the freedom of association, a labor law system etc. Further, since the beneficiaries of collective bargaining are in daily contact with each other,

Childhood Obesity And Health Inequalities

Childhood Obesity And Health Inequalities Childhood obesity is distributed disproportionately in different regions. Socio-economic status, racial groups, (lobstein et.al., 2006) being more common in lower expectary and morbidity are common in lower. Socio-economic group in developed countries like U.K (Wilkison.R Marmot R) considering these several factors. Sociological models strives to explain health inequalities in society which contributes to childhood obesity. The second back report (exworthy 2003) identified inequalities in health and the (Acheson 1988a) concluded that socio-economic inequalities and this explore a mode with individual life styles, socio-economic status (Dahlgreen social determinants whitehead 1991) with several model which explains the health inequalities includes- Individual behavior- lifestyle culture. In this individual behavior the food habits of the children plays an important role in children from lower-income groups are more vulnerable to obesity due to high calorie, high-fats in cheaper foods and limited physical activity ( Kumanjika 2008). In westernization or modern social trends snacking, beverages, fast foods in restaurants and restricted physical activity by parents contributes for prevalence of childhood obesity in higher income groups. In support for this explanation about physical activity level or sedentary activity levels by children have declined in U.K activity inactivity acts as domains to represent the prevalence of obesity (Gortmaker et., al) This individual behavior is chosen to avoid unhealthy food habits, inactivity in children and to adopt healthy habits to overcome ill-health. This individual behavior model provides explanation on life style or culture of the parentschildren and this avoids focus societal factors for childhood obesity. Mostly it is individualistic and change in behavior should not itself health inequalities for enough to explain childhood obesity. Other social factors are to be considered which contributes for another model- The materialist Structuralist: This model focuses on social factors and poverty as the main factors for ill health relating to child hood obesity à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ In U.K children from low socio economic groups have slightly higher odds than children from higher income groups (Stamatkis et. Al., 2005).Statically evidence shows that children from lower income groups accounts for (31%) to the child hood obesity (Wardle et al.,2006). This explanation supports poverty, as the main cause for ill health in children of the lower social groups. The morbidity rates are stable from 19th century in low socio economic classes and even started unexpectedly increasing from last years of 20th century (Mackenbach.P.J 2006). The government stated no existence of poverty in Britain as consumer durable ownership is even high in low income groups (Goodman et. al., 1997).This statement failed by Breadline Britain Surveys which evidenced 20% households are below poverty line (Gordon 1997). This explanation contributes information to government to focus on low social classes to improve the living standards to overcome ill health in children. This explanation is supported by: Marmot review report- The social gradient of health inequality evidences if lower socio economic status the poorer is the health with inter related factors like- unemployment, housing etc.,(Marmot Review Report 2010). This explanation specifies that lack of resources, low wages, poverty are responsible for ill health in children and these factors are out of control by the individual and to improve wages, resources to the working class emphasis on politics i.e., government is made which adopts a model Neo-Materialist model and this model em phasize on social, political, economic factors which affects the health and these are out of control of individual and includes outcomes from organizations like schools, fast food chains etc.,(White.K 2010). This laid to an approach by government in providing low fat snacks meals in schools. This materialistic model explanation is significant to explain about the capitalist country like U.K. The government is with increasing inequalities in health and income levels (Mackenbach P.J. 2006). This indicates that policy making by the government should look after the wagestaxes of the working class. This explanation is supported by the fact that U.K poverty is reversed to 1930s from 1980s (Gordon 1997). And widened income levels in U.K from 1980s (Wilkinson R.G). This materialistic model has been expanded to life course approach model- as the childhood obesity is underlying risk factor for chronic diseases like cardiac diseases, diabetes mellitus , hyper tension etc., ( Gortmaker.S.L et al., 1993) supported by childhood obesity continuous to adult and is affected by socio economic circumstances (Viner M.R, Cole.T 2005). The materialistic model explanation indicates that individual health or behavior is strongly influenced by factors beyond the individuals control and this adopts a socio economic model (Acheson 1998a) lack resources in the society like unemployment, higher prices, low wages, lack of houses etc., are the social determinants which contributes to ill health (Wang 2004). This provides explanation on relationship between individual and their surrounding studies suggests that social circumstances play an important role in individual behavior. Children from low socio economic status are more vulnerable to obesity due to faulty, cheaper food high calorie diet and limited physical activity. This lack of resources by parents of low income class obstructs children form healthy diet, physical activity and this support that the ill health, obesity is influenced by social circumstances rather than individual. The material resources is supported by: Marmot Review Report- The annual estimated cost o f health inequalities is between  £36 billion to  £40 billion and is with social justice for overcoming health inequalities (Marmot Review Report 2010). This supports that justice in material resources to lower income class overcomes health inequalities in further generation of children. The socio economic model explores in considering psychosocial factors for child hood obesity which is supported by children with obese mothers, lower cognitive stimulation, lower income levels are with increased risk for obesity. This psychological factors focus on low self-esteem, children with unhealthy behavior. Social processes that are involved in childhood obesity are concluded by formulating hypothesis à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Relative poverty effects on children child hood obesity, Living standards, family influence on childhood obesity, comparison of status by children in society.

Alcohol Consumption in College :: Alcoholic Beverages Health College Essays

Alcohol Consumption in College Incomplete Paper Alcoholic beverages such as beer can cause problems for many people throughout life, but for college aged people alcohol can cause the worst. In college most people are being out on their own for the first time ever and having that freedom they have never had. Some problems caused by alcohol in college are, missing an assignment or class, or even death. Drinking a beer a day has been found healthy, but in college that is never the case. Not that everyone drinks or everyone drinks a lot but there is always that select group that will drink more nights out of a week than not. And when that group drinks they drink heavily in order to be drunk. Problems occur with many people who do drink very heavily because it impairs their ability to get things done for many hours including the ones when drinking and after. A student may not attend class the day after drinking because he or she may be to sick or just exhausted from the drinking the night before. After the student skips the first one it becomes easier and easier to skip classes, therefore it is more likely to happen over and over again. Also when skipping classes a student can miss anything from an important lecture to a test which can really hurt their grades. The final big issue is the number of students who die every year from alcohol poisoning. Alcohol poisoning is caused by excessive amounts of alcohol in the body. Some very common ways for students to get this is by doing shots of hard liqour or now the tool called a beer bong. Both involve swallowing a lot of alcohol very quickly which is very dangerous for the body, and can many times lead to being very ill or death. College is a huge part of every student's life, and there is no reason to try to ruin college or life by excessive drinking. Students need to understand there is more to life than partying or going out every night. Maybe if the school did more about educating the students on the issues of drinking there wouldn't be so many binge drinkers. If that huge paper is due in a couple days or there is class in the morning going out and partying is not going to help with either situation. alcohol to children For years, the population has been exposed to different forms of media. Newspapers, magazines, television, films, radio, and more recently the Internet are ways of promoting ideas, spreading news, and advertising products. Alcohol Consumption in College :: Alcoholic Beverages Health College Essays Alcohol Consumption in College Incomplete Paper Alcoholic beverages such as beer can cause problems for many people throughout life, but for college aged people alcohol can cause the worst. In college most people are being out on their own for the first time ever and having that freedom they have never had. Some problems caused by alcohol in college are, missing an assignment or class, or even death. Drinking a beer a day has been found healthy, but in college that is never the case. Not that everyone drinks or everyone drinks a lot but there is always that select group that will drink more nights out of a week than not. And when that group drinks they drink heavily in order to be drunk. Problems occur with many people who do drink very heavily because it impairs their ability to get things done for many hours including the ones when drinking and after. A student may not attend class the day after drinking because he or she may be to sick or just exhausted from the drinking the night before. After the student skips the first one it becomes easier and easier to skip classes, therefore it is more likely to happen over and over again. Also when skipping classes a student can miss anything from an important lecture to a test which can really hurt their grades. The final big issue is the number of students who die every year from alcohol poisoning. Alcohol poisoning is caused by excessive amounts of alcohol in the body. Some very common ways for students to get this is by doing shots of hard liqour or now the tool called a beer bong. Both involve swallowing a lot of alcohol very quickly which is very dangerous for the body, and can many times lead to being very ill or death. College is a huge part of every student's life, and there is no reason to try to ruin college or life by excessive drinking. Students need to understand there is more to life than partying or going out every night. Maybe if the school did more about educating the students on the issues of drinking there wouldn't be so many binge drinkers. If that huge paper is due in a couple days or there is class in the morning going out and partying is not going to help with either situation. alcohol to children For years, the population has been exposed to different forms of media. Newspapers, magazines, television, films, radio, and more recently the Internet are ways of promoting ideas, spreading news, and advertising products.

Year round school

Mr.. Cooker For generations the education system In the US has been a major In how our world is shaped today. And changing it could maybe benefit the American people In ways you couldn't imagine. For years now America has fallen short In basic math, reading and writing while other countries have exceeded expectations. Education Is key to staying connected to other countries and being able to make It In the real world. With that said the united States education system needs to be recognized as a huge part In our ally lives and needs to be changed.Like other countries education system they have school year round showing a huge difference In the scores they get compared to the US. Having the opportunity to have school year round could allow students to graduate from high school faster and potentially college. The freedom to go at the pace that best fits you is what is amazing. In High school this could allow you to get the credits you need and that will allow you to potentially go to th e college of your choice. With this it could decrease school drop outs and help they economy by aging more jobs.This could have the potential to change our system and bring America out of the hole we made for ourselves. A student may even be struggling in a particular subject and with the regular education system it wouldn't be a priority to the teacher or the student to fully understand the subject. With the year round school this problem could be easily solved. Students would be exceeding the level expected or just staying level with their class. There are also many opportunities to being able to graduate from high school with your first year of college basic classes already completed.That saves money and a whole lot of stress, also the education on how to study and write essays in grade school help prepare you for College. Having school year round can allow you to have the time to practice and prepare for the many things that college may bring. College is what sets you up for opp ortunity to get a job and participate in society. College sets you up for many things in life and to have some of the education from high school with year round school can help you tremendously.In order to be successful in college you have to have the write study bits and ways to prepare yourself for test and quizzes so you can pass the class. With the year round school the teachers would have time to teach you all the correct ways of learning that. Education Is key In this day and age and with yearlong education you can get through many things faster and comprehend more. To have an opportunity to change the economy by having more people thinking and making life changing decisions is amazing.This could not only benefit that but the teachers, they would be more recognized for their work and have something to prove It, their successful kids. Also the time that school would start and end would be more realistic for this day and age not to mention having days off more often than now, If we could Just have one school district to try this out to see If It would work It could potentially reveal things that are unbelievable we just need to try. Year round school By Kay-Lucerne For generations the education system in the US has been a major in how our world is shaped today.And changing it could maybe benefit the American people in ways you couldn't imagine. For years now America has fallen short in basic math, reading and writing while other countries have exceeded expectations. Education is key to staying connected to other countries and being able to make it in the real world. With that said the United States education system needs to be recognized as a huge part in our daily lives and needs to be changed. Like other countries education system they have school year round showing a huge difference in the scores they get compared to the making more Jobs.This could have the potential to change our system and bring expected or Just staying level with their class. There a re also many opportunities to a Job and participate in society. College sets you up for many things in life and to ways of learning that. Education is key in this day and age and with yearlong would be more recognized for their work and have something to prove it, their realistic for this day and age not to mention having days off more often than now. If we could Just have one school district to try this out to see if it would work it could potentially reveal things that are unbelievable we Just need to try.

Assignment 3R: Workplace Skills Essay

Save this file in your course folder, and name it with Assignment, the assignment letter, the section number, and your first initial and last name. For example, Jessie Robinson’s assignment 1R for Section 1 would be named Assignment1RJRobinson. Type the answers to the assignment questions below. Use complete sentences unless the question says otherwise. You will have more than one day to complete an assignment. At the end of each day, be sure to save your progress. Review Lesson 4 of the Course Overview for instructions about turning in your assignments. Assignment Questions In Section 3, you learned about workplace skills. Now, you’ll apply what you learned. 1. Imagine that you are a manager judging the performance of your employees. Describe at least two ways that you could find evidence of an employee’s skills and attitude. (2-4 sentences. 2.0 points) I could watch how well they work together for getting along is a skill, I would also look at the outcome of whatever it is they are doing, to see what the finished product is. 2. Which aspect of professionalism do you feel that you are strongest at? Explain why you think so. (1-3 sentences. 2.0 points) I think behavior is, because in order to get the job done right you must  behave yourself and know how to control your attitude and thoughts. 3. Which aspect of professionalism do you feel that you are weakest at? Explain why you think so. Describe at least one thing you could do to improve at it. (1-3 sentences. 2.0 points) I personally think all of them are equally important. 4. Choose a company you know of that you think is good at innovation, and describe at least one innovative thing the company has done. (1-3 sentences. 2.0 points) Apple is good at innovation for they are always coming up with new technology, the iPhone is one of these things. 5. Describe two real or made up situations in the workplace when you would need to use speaking skills. (1-2 sentences. 2.0 points) During a presentation, or when you’re pitching an idea. 6. Describe two nonverbal signals used in the workplace that you or people you know use, and explain what you think those signals mean. (1-2 sentences. 2.0 points) Maintain good eye contact because it allows them to know you are paying attention and having good posture. 7. Describe two real or made up situations in the workplace when you would need writing skills. (1-2 sentences. 2.0 points) Preparing a presentation, or writing an important email. 8. Describe a real or made up situation that required negotiation. (1-3 sentences. 3.0 points) When one company has a similar idea or product that will possibly out do your product you would try to negotiate them. 9. If you were a manager, which management style do you think you would use most often? Explain why. (1-3 sentences. 3.0 points) I would use the participative approach for they involve their employees with decisions.